In order for cow to achieve high milk production, her internal system needs to be in top condition. The stress of transition could make this a challenge.

Understanding free radicals

• Free radicals are a natural by-product of cellular metabolism.

• Under normal situations, the cow's body will make sure to balance free radicals and antioxidants at acceptable levels.

• However, there will be problems when free radical production exceeds the body's ability to keep the level balanced.

• During periods of stress, the cow will produce excessive amounts of free radicals.

Recognizing danger zone

• When too much free radicals are produced, it is a serious concern because they are unstable molecules that can damage other molecules when they come into contact.

• Free radicals can change how well important enzyme work, damage the physical structure of cells and even cause mutations in DNA.

• This will affect the cow's immune system and reduce milk production.

Formulating rations as a solution

• By studying the role antioxidants play in counteracting free radicals as well as knowing the critical times a cow might be out of balance, we can formulate rations to help the cows cope with stressful situations.

• It is crucial to understand metabolism, free radicals and everything happening in the cow's body during transition.

• With that being said, it is not as simple as adding more antioxidants to the ration.

• It is important to know that different antioxidants will play a different role in combating free radicals.

• Hence, supplementing more of one specific antioxidant might not improve the cow's performance.

• It is advised to supply a balanced amount of several types of antioxidants during periods of increased metabolism to make sure the cow's body is in balance and performance at its peak.